Social Justice - Equality of power, privileges, and access to all
Sensitivity
* Aware of self values and biases - Know Thyself!
* Aware of others' values and perspectives
* Culture-bound values & Individual differences
Knowledge
* Different cultures
* Historical background & impact
* Contemporary issues - Global, National, & Local
Skills
* Culturally appropriate interventions
Action
* Educate the general public
* Advocate for social justice
* Publicize value & professional identity
* Empower and Support with a strength-focused approach
Showing posts with label Multiculturalism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Multiculturalism. Show all posts
Thursday, November 8, 2007
Barriers to Effective Multicultural Counseling (by Derald Wing Sue)
*2 Cultural/Racial Identity Development
*3 Cultural Specific Strategies in Counseling
Principles:
1. Awareness of self value and biases
2. Awareness of others' points of view
3. Culture-specific strategies
* Some generic characteristics of counseling across schools of thoughts can be at odds with ethnic, cultural values.
* Stanley Sue (1970) study in WA - utilization of counseling based on ethnicity; minority underutilize services; > 50% minority who use services drop out after one contact;
* Institutional racism; advertisement, location, policy, etc.
* Natural Helping-Giving Networks
* Cultural-appropriateness of certain characteristics
* Culture-Bound Values; Class-Bound Values; Communication Styles (Verbal vs. Non-Verbal)
* Communication: Send vs Receive; Verbal (content) vs. Non-Verbal; Accurate vs Appropriate (subtlety);
* Talk therapy - the emphasis on verbalization
* Perls ~ Gloria; confrontational; Here & Now, moment, body - mind/soul (shared value in American Indians), but the process will be inappropriate to work with that population
* In some cultures, accurate directness --> rudeness
* Culture-Bound Values:
- Individual Centered: I-Thou; individual as the psychosocial unit;
- Group/Family Centered: the collective society; group/family as the psychosocial unit;
- Guilt vs. Shame/Disgrace (Hispanic, Asian, etc.);
- "Blame the victim;" social-political; internal vs external explanation;
- eg. un- or under - employment
- Verbal, Emotional, and Behavioral Expressiveness
- Express feelings vs. Restrain feelings; "inscrutable Asian"
- Assertiveness training, culture-appropriateness?
- Insight Focus: understand motives and feelings; Not "psychologically-minded" as a put-down
- Insight is NOT equal to behavioral change
- Crisis intervention as focusing on the immediacy
- "Don't think about it. Think about the family."
- Mental health in Asian population ~ avoidance of morbid thinking
- Lazarus, healthy denial as coping; cognitive school of thoughts
- Insight is not valued in other cultures, which does not mean those people cannot do it.
- Insight and its assumption; self-exploration can be a luxury for some people.
- Openness & Intimacy; Self-Disclosure
- Non-binding, contractory relationships
- Trust vs. Mistrust; foot in the door; suspicion;
- Cultural bias in assessment; Cultural specific values
- Survival mechanism
- Paranorma; Test; "What do you care about a Black man?"
- Counselors: no SD, advice, suggestions
- Non-verbals;
- Credibility by expertness & trustworthiness
- Not "Are you a racist?" but "How honest and open are you to deal with the racist beliefs?"
- Cause-Effect; Linear, analytical, symbolic, logical - left hemisphere; American Indians - More holistic and experiential - right hemisphere;
- Distinction between physical and mental functioning
- Packing order etc.
- Father's reactions and puzzlement
*3 Cultural Specific Strategies in Counseling
Principles:
1. Awareness of self value and biases
2. Awareness of others' points of view
3. Culture-specific strategies
* Some generic characteristics of counseling across schools of thoughts can be at odds with ethnic, cultural values.
* Stanley Sue (1970) study in WA - utilization of counseling based on ethnicity; minority underutilize services; > 50% minority who use services drop out after one contact;
* Institutional racism; advertisement, location, policy, etc.
* Natural Helping-Giving Networks
* Cultural-appropriateness of certain characteristics
* Culture-Bound Values; Class-Bound Values; Communication Styles (Verbal vs. Non-Verbal)
* Communication: Send vs Receive; Verbal (content) vs. Non-Verbal; Accurate vs Appropriate (subtlety);
* Talk therapy - the emphasis on verbalization
* Perls ~ Gloria; confrontational; Here & Now, moment, body - mind/soul (shared value in American Indians), but the process will be inappropriate to work with that population
* In some cultures, accurate directness --> rudeness
* Culture-Bound Values:
- Individual Centered: I-Thou; individual as the psychosocial unit;
- Group/Family Centered: the collective society; group/family as the psychosocial unit;
- Guilt vs. Shame/Disgrace (Hispanic, Asian, etc.);
- "Blame the victim;" social-political; internal vs external explanation;
- eg. un- or under - employment
- Verbal, Emotional, and Behavioral Expressiveness
- Express feelings vs. Restrain feelings; "inscrutable Asian"
- Assertiveness training, culture-appropriateness?
- Insight Focus: understand motives and feelings; Not "psychologically-minded" as a put-down
- Insight is NOT equal to behavioral change
- Crisis intervention as focusing on the immediacy
- "Don't think about it. Think about the family."
- Mental health in Asian population ~ avoidance of morbid thinking
- Lazarus, healthy denial as coping; cognitive school of thoughts
- Insight is not valued in other cultures, which does not mean those people cannot do it.
- Insight and its assumption; self-exploration can be a luxury for some people.
- Openness & Intimacy; Self-Disclosure
- Non-binding, contractory relationships
- Trust vs. Mistrust; foot in the door; suspicion;
- Cultural bias in assessment; Cultural specific values
- Survival mechanism
- Paranorma; Test; "What do you care about a Black man?"
- Counselors: no SD, advice, suggestions
- Non-verbals;
- Credibility by expertness & trustworthiness
- Not "Are you a racist?" but "How honest and open are you to deal with the racist beliefs?"
- Cause-Effect; Linear, analytical, symbolic, logical - left hemisphere; American Indians - More holistic and experiential - right hemisphere;
- Distinction between physical and mental functioning
- Packing order etc.
- Father's reactions and puzzlement
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